Another exception to tuteo in Venezuela is the use of the second-person singular formal pronoun usted interchangeably with tú in informal speech, unique to the states of Mérida, Táchira and Trujillo. The Zulian forms are thus the same as those in Spain for the second-person plural vosotros): instead of tú eres, tú estás, Zulian has vos sois, vos estáis (compare with the plural forms in Spain vosotros sois, vosotros estáis, and with Rioplatense forms, vos sos, vos estás). That phenomenon is present in many other Latin American variations (notably Central American Spanish and Rioplatense), but Zulian voseo is diptongado: conjugation preserves the diphthongs of the historical vos conjugation, which have had monophthongization in Rioplatense. However, in Zulia and some parts of Falcón and Trujillo, it is common to find voseo, the use of vos instead of tú. The second-person singular informal pronoun is usually tú, as in most of the rest of Latin America and in Spain.Another noteworthy diminutive is "manito," instead of the more common "manita." A characteristic common to Spanish in Venezuela, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, and Costa Rica is the use of the diminutive -ico and -ica, instead of the standard -ito and -ita in words with -t in the last syllable: rata ("rat") becomes ratica ("little rat").The phoneme /x/ is realized as glottal in the Venezuelan Caribbean, like in El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia, Spanish Caribbean islands, Canary Islands, and southern Spain and sometimes in Ecuador, Peru, Chile, and Argentina.Seseo is common to all of America, the Canary Islands, and southern Spain, and yeísmo is prevalent in most Spanish dialects. That is, calló ("s/he became silent") and cayó ("s/he fell") are homophones, and casa ("house") is homophonous with caza ("hunt"). Also like most other American versions of Spanish, Venezuelan Spanish has yeísmo (the merger of / ʎ/ and / ʝ/) and seseo ( /θ/ and /s/ are merged).Syllable-final /n/ undergoes velarisation, or /n/ undergoes assimilation: ambientación /aNbi̯eNtaˈsi̯oN/ ("atmosphere") becomes or.It is common to most coastal areas in America, the Canary Islands, and the southern half of Spain. Another common feature is the debuccalization of syllable-final /s/, whereby adiós ("goodbye") becomes and este ("east") becomes.Originally from southern Spain and the Canary Islands, those traits are common to many other Spanish variations and in the Caribbean.
In addition, /d/ between vowels is sometimes dropped ( elision): helado ("ice cream") becomes.
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